Causes of Groundwater Pollution
Groundwater pollution occurs when contaminants seep into underground water sources, making them unsafe for use. The following are key causes of groundwater pollution:
1. Landfills
- Description: Landfills are used to bury various wastes.
- Impact: Without a protective bottom layer or if the layer cracks, pollutants like car battery acid, household cleaners, and paint can leach into the groundwater.
2. Agrochemicals
- Description: Fertilizers and pesticides are widely used to enhance crop yields.
- Impact: Pesticides can persist in the soil for years, and rainwater can dilute and carry these chemicals into groundwater, causing contamination.
3. Storage Tanks
- Description: Tanks storing gasoline, oil, and chemicals are often placed above or below ground.
- Impact: Corrosion and cracking can lead to leaks, allowing these substances to seep into groundwater supplies.
4. Drainage Systems
- Description: Septic systems are designed to drain waste slowly into the ground.
- Impact: Improperly designed or maintained systems can leak harmful substances, bacteria, and viruses, contaminating groundwater.
Effects of Groundwater Pollution
1. On Humans
- Diseases:
- Hepatitis: Can cause liver damage if untreated.
- Cholera: Causes severe diarrhea, dehydration, and potential organ failure.
- Birth Defects: Contaminants in water can lead to congenital malformations and other severe diseases in children.
- Cancer Risks: Carcinogens like benzene have been linked to cancer in areas with polluted groundwater.
2. On Plants and Aquatic Life
- Crops:
- Polluted groundwater can destroy crops before they can be harvested, leading to significant agricultural losses.
- Fish:
- Contaminated runoff can kill large numbers of fish, disrupting aquatic ecosystems.
Conclusion
Groundwater pollution poses severe threats to public health, agriculture, and ecosystems. Preventing this issue requires stricter regulation of waste disposal, proper maintenance of storage tanks and septic systems, and the responsible use of agrochemicals.
