How to Grow Lentils
Lentils are a type of legume known for their high nutritional value and are grown annually. They are closely related to peas and all kinds of beans, belonging to the pea family. Lentils grow on vines that reach a length of 18 to 24 inches. The plant produces small white flowers that develop into pods resembling peas but smaller and flattened, containing one or two seeds. These seeds can range in color from green or yellow to orange, red, or brown.
The common name for the plant is lentil, while its scientific name is Lens. Lentils are believed to have originated in the Mediterranean region. Although they require specific growth conditions, they are relatively easy to cultivate with proper care. Here’s a guide on how to grow lentils:
Types of Lentils
Lentils can be categorized into large-seeded or small-seeded types, with numerous varieties within each category. The most common varieties include small yellow seeds, flat brown seeds, and a third type that is brown and resembles peas. It’s advisable to consult local farmers in your area to identify the best lentil variety for your climate. Lentils typically take several months to mature, so it’s important to know their growing season to ensure a successful harvest.
Planting Lentils
Lentils thrive in moderate climates with low humidity and do not require high temperatures. They cannot withstand frost, so they are best planted in regions with mild weather.
- Choosing a Spot:
Select a location in your garden that receives full sunlight. Avoid areas where other legumes were recently grown, as this may affect the quality of the new crop. - Companion Planting:
Lentils grow well alongside crops like cucumbers and potatoes but should not be planted near onions or garlic. - Planting Process:
Lentil seeds need about 10 days at a temperature of 68°F to sprout. Space the seeds 1 inch apart to prevent the seedlings from tangling, which could make it difficult to separate them later. - Temperature and Protection:
If your area experiences low temperatures, consider using greenhouses to protect seedlings from frost at night.
Soil Preparation
For optimal growth, lentils require loose, fertile soil. Add compost before planting to enhance soil fertility.
Growing Lentils
You can start planting lentils indoors about two weeks before the last frost. Once the seedlings grow, transplant them outdoors when the weather is suitable. Lentil plants take about 80-110 days to mature.
Support and Care
Lentil vines may require low trellises for support. Using trellises not only helps deter pests but also reduces the risk of plant diseases, improving yield.
Watering Lentils
While lentils are drought-tolerant, they prefer consistently moist soil. If you notice the pods drying out, water the plants immediately.
Fertilizing Lentils
Lentils do not require much fertilizer if grown in fertile soil. However, if the soil is less fertile, apply fertilizer during the seedling stage to support flowering.
Harvesting Lentils
Lentil pods resemble bean pods and can be harvested while still green if you plan to use them like peas. Green pods are usually ready within 70-80 days. For dry lentils, wait until the pods fully mature (around 110 days) and harden before harvesting. If you have a large crop, you can use harvesting machines to save time and effort. After harvesting, the plants are threshed to separate the lentil seeds from the husks.
Storage and Preservation
- Fresh Lentils: Unpeeled green lentils can be stored in the refrigerator for up to one week.
- Dried Lentils: Store dried lentils in a cool, dry place for 10-12 months. Using anti-mold and anti-infestation tablets can extend their shelf life, ensuring proper ventilation.
Tips and Advice
- Pest Control: Watch out for aphids and weevils, which can damage lentil crops. Remove and destroy infected plants if necessary.
- Crop Rotation: Rotating crops helps prevent pests and diseases.
- Spacing: Ensure adequate spacing between plants to prevent fungal issues caused by high humidity.
Uses of Lentils
Lentils are a versatile and beloved food. They can be boiled and prepared as “lentil stew,” often served with green onions, olives, radishes, and red or green peppers. Lentil soup is another popular winter dish, providing warmth and comfort during the colder months.
