Modern Irrigation Methods
What Are the Most Important Modern Irrigation Methods?
The use of modern irrigation techniques has become essential in today’s world as they are water-saving methods. With the current global water scarcity, conserving water is vital. One of the most effective ways to save water is by adopting modern irrigation methods. Here are some of the most significant techniques:
1. Sprinkler Irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation began to be used at the end of the 20th century and became more widespread after World War II due to advancements in lightweight pumps, pipes, and sprinklers. In this method, water is sprayed into the air through small holes in the pipes, falling onto the soil and plants in the form of a mist, mimicking rainfall.
Advantages:
- Allows farmers to add fertilizers and pesticides with the water.
- Can be used in uneven terrains.
- Requires minimal labor.
- Protects plants from frost and helps maintain their temperature.
Disadvantages:
- Can lead to the accumulation of salts on the soil surface.
2. Drip Irrigation
This method delivers water directly to the base of plants in the form of droplets. A network of specialized drip irrigation pipes is designed, with outlets placed under each tree or plant to release water as drops.
Advantages:
- Ideal for sandy and desert soils.
- Highly water-efficient, providing plants with their exact water needs without waste.
Disadvantages:
- High initial cost for setting up the irrigation network.
- Requires skilled labor for installation.
3. Surface Irrigation
This is one of the most common methods and, while not modern, is still effective. It involves designing a network of grooves and channels around the trees, allowing water to flow through and reach all plants. A drainage system is necessary at the end of the water channels.
Advantages:
- Easy to use.
- Low cost.
- Does not require trained labor.
Disadvantages:
- Difficult to control the amount of water used for plants, leading to significant water loss.
- Also known as “flood irrigation.”
4. Bubble Irrigation
Bubble irrigation combines the principles of drip and sprinkler irrigation. It involves injecting air into water pipes or tanks, increasing oxygen levels in the water by approximately 150%, which in turn increases oxygen in the soil. This helps the soil eliminate harmful bacteria and improves soil quality. A bubble device is used to regulate airflow into the water pipes before irrigation begins.
